Wellness Workshop | Childhood Allergies | Brian R. McMahon, MD, FAAP
Dr. Brian McMahon is a pediatrician practicing in Staten Island, NY. Dr. McMahon is a doctor who specializes in the health care of children. As a pedicatrician, Dr. McMahon diagnoses and treats infections, injuries, diseases and other disorders in children. Pediatricians typically work with infants, children, teenagers... more
Understanding Childhood Allergies: A Guide for Parents
Allergic reactions in children can be concerning, especially when they happen unexpectedly. An allergy occurs when the immune system mistakenly treats a harmless substance, like food or pollen, as a threat. In response, the body releases chemicals, including histamine, which cause symptoms that can affect various systems such as the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and cardiovascular system. Here’s what parents need to know about childhood allergies and how to respond effectively.
Recognizing Symptoms of an Allergic Reaction
Allergic reactions can develop quickly, often within minutes to an hour after exposure to an allergen. Children may experience symptoms in one or more areas of the body, and some reactions can be mild, while others can be life-threatening.
- Skin: Itching, hives, redness, swelling
- Mouth: Itching or swelling of the lips or tongue
- Throat: Itching, tightness, or hoarseness
- Gut: Vomiting, diarrhea, or cramps
- Lungs: Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing
- Heart: Weak pulse, dizziness, or fainting
Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, occurs rapidly and can be fatal if not treated immediately. Symptoms may include swelling in the throat, difficulty breathing, and a drop in blood pressure.
Allergies in Young Children
Young children often can’t describe how they feel, so it’s essential for parents to be vigilant for signs of an allergic reaction. Before symptoms become visible, a child may show subtle signs, such as becoming unusually fussy. For food allergies, babies and toddlers may refuse to eat certain foods after the first few bites, a possible sign of a reaction. Other clues could include statements like:
- “There’s something stuck in my throat.”
- “My tongue is too big.”
- “My mouth itches.”
What to Do If You Suspect an Allergic Reaction
Parents may not always know their child has a food allergy until they try a trigger food for the first time. For children with a known allergy, it’s important to monitor symptoms closely and respond appropriately.
- For mild symptoms (affecting only one system), antihistamines can help, but always follow a healthcare provider’s guidance. Stay with the child and watch for worsening symptoms. If the reaction worsens, administer epinephrine immediately.
- For severe symptoms or reactions affecting multiple systems, inject epinephrine immediately and call 911. Keep the child calm and monitor symptoms closely until help arrives.
Food Allergies: A Growing Concern
Approximately 32 million Americans have food allergies, with six million of them being children. Common food allergens include:
- Cow’s milk
- Eggs
- Peanuts
- Tree nuts (e.g., walnuts, almonds)
- Fish
- Shellfish
- Soy
- Wheat
- Sesame
Food allergies can lead to severe reactions, and it’s crucial for parents to be aware of the most common triggers. Roughly 40% of children with food allergies have experienced life-threatening reactions, underscoring the importance of quick identification and response.
Managing Seasonal Allergies
Seasonal allergies, particularly to pollen, are common in children. Symptoms like itchy eyes, sneezing, and a runny nose can occur with changing seasons. Allergy specialists recommend starting medications early and maintaining consistent use throughout allergy season to reduce inflammation before symptoms worsen.
- Over-the-counter treatments: Antihistamines, steroid nasal sprays, and eye drops can provide relief for mild symptoms.
- Allergy shots: If over-the-counter medications aren’t effective, allergy shots may help. These shots work by desensitizing the immune system to allergens over time.
When to See an Allergist
If over-the-counter treatments aren’t providing relief, or if your child’s allergy symptoms lead to complications like asthma attacks or eczema flares, it may be time to consult an allergist. They can perform tests to identify specific allergens and create an allergy action plan tailored to your child’s needs.
Tips for Managing Childhood Allergies
- Educate yourself and your child: Understanding your child’s allergies and how to manage them will give both of you confidence when faced with potential triggers.
- Develop an allergy action plan: Work with your healthcare provider to create a plan that outlines how to avoid allergens, manage reactions, and administer medications.
- Communicate with caregivers and schools: Ensure everyone who cares for your child is aware of their allergies and knows how to respond in case of an emergency.
Living with childhood allergies requires preparation, awareness, and vigilance. By understanding the symptoms of allergic reactions, knowing when and how to respond, and seeking the right medical advice, parents can help their children navigate allergies safely and confidently. As allergies continue to affect more children, it’s important to stay informed and proactive in managing these conditions to ensure your child’s well-being.
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