Dr. Candido Otero, M.D.

Bacterial infection in urine is treated with antibiotics. There are many different of types of antibiotics to treat urinary tract infection. The most commonly ones are Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, Fosfomycin, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, and others. Vitamin C seems to work by increasing the acidity of the urine and killing off the bacteria that cause infection. Health care provider usually uses antibiotics to kill the bacterial. Now, it would be recommended to see your health care provider and have a urinalysis to identify the bacteria, and therefore the specific antibiotic can be used to kill the microorganism. Thank you.

Food that aggravates the gallbladder are refine sugar (fructose), added sugar food (baked goods, desserts, and sweets). In addition, fast foods, food high in fat (saturated fat), food containing trans-fat, and eating low fiber diet. Now, food that calm the gallbladder are fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grain, wheat bread, brown rice, oats, lean meat, poultry, and fish. Thank you.

First, to treat anemia, we have to know what type of anemia we are treating and must of all find de proper etiologic factor for your anemia. Anemia is multifactorial, meaning that there are multiple causes and therefore the treatment needs to be the right treatment for the type of anemia you present. Usually the patient feels tired, fatigue, sometimes unable to do their daily living activity. The complete blood count (CBC) is the most common test used to confirm anemia. It is part of the routine tests done. The complete CBC test the hemoglobin and hematocrit. The hemoglobin is the iron-rich protein part in the red blood cell that carries the oxygen. The hematocrit is a measure how much space the red blood cells take up in your blood. Low level of hemoglobin or hematocrit signify anemia. Everything has to do with the type of anemia and how it was acquired. For example, iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss or due to lack of nutrients, can be corrected by stopping the blood loss and eating food that are reach in iron. Diet: beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, iron-fortified bread and cereal, peas, tofu, dark green leafy vegetables (Spanish cucumber, broccoli) among others. Anemia due to hereditary condition, the etiology (cause) of that condition needs to be assessed to find the right treatment. Severe anemia could be very serious. Loosing blood quickly can be fatal. The three main causes are red blood cell loss, lack of red blood production in the bone marrow or red cell destruction by the immune system. A hematologist would be a great choice. They will send the test to the lab. for analysis. But a complete work up is appropriate to find the etiology of the anemia. Thank you

No, anemia never go away completely or on its own. Everything has to do with the type of anemia and how it was acquired. For example, iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss or due to lack of nutrients, can be corrected by stopping the blood loss and eating food that are reach in iron. Diet: beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, iron-fortified bread and cereal, peas, tofu, dark green leafy vegetables (Spanish cucumber, broccoli) among others. Anemia due to hereditary conditions, the etiology (cause) factors of that condition needs to be assessed to find the right treatment. Severe anemia could be very serious. Loosing blood quickly can be fatal. The three main causes are red blood cell loss, lack of red blood production in the bone marrow or red cell destruction by the immune system. A hematologist would be a great choice. They will send the test to the laboratory for complete analysis by the pathologist. A complete work-up is appropriate to find the etiologic factor of the anemia. Please, consult your healthcare provider for a complete assessment of your condition. Thank you.

Usually the patient feels tired, fatigue, sometimes unable to do their daily living activity. The complete blood count (CBC) is the most common test used to confirm anemia. It is part of the routine tests done. The complete CBC test the hemoglobin and hematocrit. The hemoglobin is the iron-rich protein part in the red blood cell that carries the oxygen. The hematocrit is a measure how much space the red blood cells take up in your blood. Low level of hemoglobin or hematocrit signify anemia. Everything has to do with the type of anemia and how it was acquired. For example, iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss or due to lack of nutrients, can be corrected by stopping the blood loss and eating food that are reach in iron. Diet: beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, iron-fortified bread and cereal, peas, tofu, dark green leafy vegetables (Spanish cucumber, broccoli) among others. No, anemia due to hereditary condition, the etiology (cause) of that condition needs to be assessed to find the right treatment. Severe anemia could be very serious. Loosing blood quickly can be fatal. The three main causes are red blood cell loss, lack of red blood production in the bone marrow or red cell destruction by the immune system. A hematologist would be a great choice. They will send the test to the lab. For analysis. But a complete work up is appropriate to find the etiology of the anemia. Thank you.

It can be caused by dry skin and different medical conditions, including eczema, allergic reactions, psoriasis, diabetes, and scabies, and its alleviated applying a cold wet cloth, taking an oatmeal bath, moisturize the skin, topical anesthetics, and cooling agents such as calamine or menthol. Thank you.

Allergic contact dermatitis (caused by allergen) or irritant contact dermatitis (caused by contact with skin irritants). Your hand turns red because of dilated capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body. Dermatomyositis, an autoimmune disease can cause rash in the hands also. There are many etiological factors that causes rash.
Viruses that commonly cause exanthem rash includes, chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus). Covid-19, Fifth disease (parvovirus), Hand, foot, and mouth disease. (coxsackievirus A 16), measles (morbillivirus), roseola (human herpesvirus 6), and rubella (rubella virus). Please, contact the dermatologist and they can give you medication that can treat and identify the cause of that rash Thank you

The complete blood count (CBC) is the most common test used to confirm anemia. It is part of the routine tests done. The complete CBC test the hemoglobin and hematocrit. The hemoglobin is the iron-rich protein part in the red blood cell that carries the oxygen. The hematocrit is a measure how much space the red blood cells take up in your blood. Low level of hemoglobin or hematocrit signify anemia. Everything has to do with the type of anemia and how it was acquired. For example, iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss or due to lack of nutrients, can be corrected by stopping the blood loss and eating food that are reach in iron. Diet: beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, iron-fortified bread and cereal, peas, tofu, dark green leafy vegetables (Spanish cucumber, broccoli) among others. No, anemia due to hereditary condition, the etiology (cause) of that condition needs to be assessed to find the right treatment. Severe anemia could be very serious. Loosing blood quickly can be fatal. The three main causes are red blood cell loss, lack of red blood production in the bone marrow or red cell destruction by the immune system. A hematologist would be a great choice. They will send the test to the lab. For analysis. But a complete work up is appropriate to find the etiology of the anemia. Thank you.

Yes, Sickle cell disease is a genetic condition that is present at birth. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern meaning that the genes are in both parent as an autosomal recessive. The Sickle Cell Disease mutation is a mutation in both copies of a person’s HBB gene. This gene encodes for the component of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cell. Thank you.

Pneumonia is caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi if you are immunosuppressed. It is important to determine the etiology of your pneumonia. Some people feel better and return to their normal routine in 1 to 2 weeks. Pneumonia can be serious and can cause death. I recommend for you to see your health care provider to do the necessary tests. Early symptoms of pneumonia are like influenza with fever, cough, headaches, muscle pain, and weakness. Within a day or two the symptoms get worse, with shortness of breath, worsening cough, and weakness. There are audible crackles when breathing, and the cough could be dry (nonproductive), or wet (with yellow, green, brown, or blood- tinged mucus. Thank you.

Using pulmonary hygiene, previously called pulmonary toileting, and they are a series of exercises and procedures that help to clear your airways (trachea and bronchial tree) of mucus as well as other secretions. This permits the lungs to get as much oxygen for your respiratory system work more efficiently. Also, there is a device, an Air Physio device that clears mucus and expand the lungs. It is called OPEP device. In addition, you can have physical therapy / rehabilitation therapy given by nurses, and physical therapists that put you to do exercises based on your condition. Please, consult with your doctor. Thank you.

Yes, evidence for the pathologist is obtained from the crime scene. The court uses as much as evidentiary documentation available to investigate the case. However, the evidence information relevant to the case, the coroner is the one keeping it for the court. Pictures of the crime scene and how the body was in relation to the scene is given to the pathologist. The forensic laboratory evidence could be recovered from alleged sexual abuse victims more than 24 hours after the event. Thank you.

Normal liver Enzymes are Aspartate Transferase (AST), 10 to 40 units per liters (u/L), and Alanine Transferase (ALT), 7 to 56 units per liters (u/L). The normal range to Gamma Glutamyl Transferase GGT is 9 to 48 U/L Then, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 30 to 120 IU/L. People may present with jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), with belly pain, and swelling are symptoms of liver failure. Patient may experience abdominal pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, electrolytes imbalance, gastrointestinal bloating, nausea, mental confusion, bad breath, bleeding, bruising, hand tremors, itching, and bleeding. Thank you.

When first using probiotics, some people experience gas, bloating, or diarrhea. These effects can clear in few days. Thank you.

I recommend going to a Podiatrist who can take the nail out and give you the treatment that needs to be followed as instructed. This is the best and fastest way of doing toe fungus. Thank you.

Because drinking too much water at once, expand the stomach too fast and stretching the stomach muscle cause pian. Thank you.

Blood group A have been associated with increased risk of cancer, and blood type O is associated with less risk for Cancer. In addition, type O blood carriers are more resistant to diseases. A blood study done by Shimizu and Colleagues found that group B was associated with longevity. In addition, group A7 and group O9 are associated with longevity.

High lymphocytes count usually appears after an infectious process and it could be harmless in this situation, but higher count could result from a serious problem. Can be caused by cancer, chronic infections, etc. Additional tests would be necessary to find the etiology (Cause) of your Lymphocytes count increased levels. The normal values are:
WBC = white blood cells: most of the time indicates that you are fighting infection or inflammation. Normal range is 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter (4.5 to 11.0 x 109/L). There are three major classifications of WBCs. The main purpose oof WBCs, are to recognize intruders.
1. Monocytes – They have the longer lifespan than other WBCs. They help to break down bacteria.
2. Lymphocytes – They create antibodies to fight against bacteria, viruses, and other invaders to the body.
3. Granulocytes – They kill and digest bacteria, fungi, and many other things. Neutrophils, 4. Eosinophils and Basophils are a subset of granulocytes. Basophils are mainly responsible for allergens. Eosinophils are responsible for parasitic infections.
RBC = Red blood cells Count: Measures how many red bloods cell count you have in the body. A red blood cell counts higher than 6.1 million RBCs in male and 5.4 million for females, and 5.5 million for children. High RBCs count can be due to multiple etiologies. They are dehydration, heart disease, Polycythemia vera, Bone marrow diseases that causes other etiologies in many other cells that are produced in the bone marrow. Low RBC indicates B12, Folate and B6 deficiency. Also could mean that you are bleeding internally.
HCT= Hematocrit is the percentage by volume of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma.
MCV = Mean corpuscular volume = measures the average size and volume of red blood cell.
MCHC = Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is a measurement of hemoglobin in a single red blood cell related to the volume of the cell.
RDW = Red Cell Distribution Width = test the different in volume and size of your RBC.
Platelets = (Thrombocytes), they stop bleeding by clumping and forming plugs.
Neutrophils = A type of white blood cell (Leukocytes) that are your first immune response. Thank you.

High lymphocytes count usually appears after an infectious process and it could be harmless in this situation, but higher count could result from a serious problem. Can be caused by cancer, chronic infections, etc. Additional tests would be necessary to find the etiology (Cause) of your Lymphocytes count increased levels. Main causes of spike Lymphocytes levels could be infectious (hepatitis, syphilis, HIV/AIDS, mononucleosis, medical, an underactive thyroid, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, and lymphoma. Please, check with your health care provider to find the etiology (cause) of your lymphocytosis. Thank you.

The radioactive material is spell from the body through urine, saliva, and sweat. Some types of radioactive material stay in your body and are deposited in different organs. Eventually, the material decays and your body naturally are eliminated. They can stay in the body from few minutes to few days, depending on the amount of radiation given. Thank you.