Dr. Candido Otero, M.D.

It usually clears up by itself within a week or so. However, the patient may need plenty of fluids which is lost during the vomiting and diarrhea phase. Your health care provider will ask for stool and blood sample to find the possible etiology. Food that you can eat is pasta, rice, lean meat, eggs, Fresh fruits, and sugar free cereal. Antibiotics like amoxicillin, clarithromycin (Biaxin), metronidazole (Flagyl), tetracycline (Sumycin), or tinidazole (tindamax). Also, antiacid medications. Consult your health care provider. Thank you.

Pain in the abdomen that wax, and wane is mostly cause by bowel, gallbladder, or the urinary tract. Abdominal pain is also caused by the digestive tract (stomach, duodenum, small intestine, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid), appendix, pancreas, and any other abdominal organ. The abdominal pain is divided in three main types, visceral, parietal, and referred. If you have pain worsening over time, go to ER immediately. Thank you.

Yes, the coroner is prepared and the ways they take the fingerprints from a crime scene is by using chemicals and tape to recover them. They do it gy dusting a smooth or nonporous surface with fingerprint powder (black granular, aluminum flakes, magnetic, etc. Thank you.

The blood is taken from you in a laboratory setting or in a hospital setting. They are sent to the laboratory in different types of tubes. Each tube has different purpose, one for complete Blood Cells (CBC), Platelets, Chemistry etc. Then, there are automated equipment where the machine analyzes the blood for its different components. Any discrepancy, the Laboratory Technician and the pathologist identify the cause of the discrepancies and do cultures of the blood to check what type of microorganisms are growing in the blood, and after 24 – 48 hours a report is sent to the provider who ordered the test. Most of the times, when we see discrepancies, we make additional tests after looking through the microscope and identifying a microorganism. Thank you.

When a gallbladder attack ensues, you are going to be in an emergency room. Thank you.

Many germs get into a person’s body, and they can cause infection. If the infection is not stop by our immune system a septic condition is developed causes blood infection. They are mostly bacterial in origin, but there are viral as COVID-19, or influenza, or fungal infections. A blood infection indicates septicemia which means that the bacteria entered the bloodstream and can spread all over the body. The body reaction to the infection, leads to sepsis. If you have a blood infection, fruits rich in Vitamin C, Citrus fruits and greens are good. In addition, strawberries, pineapples, broccoli, and tomatoes. Try to stay away from raw or undercook meats and eggs. Now, one of the important fighters of infections are our white blood cells called leukocytes. They are the one protecting tissue in the blood. When they detect foreign substances in the blood, immediately they send signals to launch an immune attack. Thank you.

The warning signs of blood infection are shortness of breath, confusion, disorientation. Fever, shivering, feeling very cold, extreme pain clammy skin, sweaty skin, and high heart rate among others. Many germs get into a person’s body, and they can cause infection. If the infection is not stop by our immune system a septic condition is developed causes blood infection. They are mostly bacterial in origin, but there are viral as COVID-19, or influenza, or fungal infections. A blood infection indicates septicemia which means that the bacteria entered the bloodstream and can spread all over the body. The body reaction to the infection, leads to sepsis. If you have a blood infection, fruits rich in Vitamin C, Citrus fruits and greens are good. In addition, strawberries, pineapples, broccoli, and tomatoes. Try to stay away from raw or undercook meats and eggs. Now, one of the important fighters of infections are our white blood cells called leukocytes. They are the one protecting tissue in the blood. When they detect foreign substances in the blood, immediately they send signals to launch an immune attack. Thank you.

Usually the patient feels tired, fatigue, weak, sometimes unable to do their daily living activity, and short of breath. The complete blood count (CBC) is the most common test used to confirm anemia. It is part of the routine tests done. The complete CBC test the hemoglobin and hematocrit. The hemoglobin is the iron-rich protein part in the red blood cell that carries the oxygen. The hematocrit is a measure how much space the red blood cells take up in your blood. Low level of hemoglobin or hematocrit signify anemia. Everything has to do with the type of anemia and how it was acquired. For example, iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss or due to lack of nutrients, can be corrected by stopping the blood loss and eating food that are reach in iron. Diet: beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, iron-fortified bread and cereal, peas, tofu, dark green leafy vegetables (Spanish cucumber, broccoli) among others. No, anemia due to hereditary condition, the etiology (cause) of that condition needs to be assessed to find the right treatment. Severe anemia could be very serious. Loosing blood quickly can be fatal. The three main causes are red blood cell loss, lack of red blood production in the bone marrow or red cell destruction by the immune system. A hematologist would be a great choice. They will send the test to the lab. For analysis. But a complete work up is appropriate to find the etiology of the anemia. Thank you.

Pneumonia is caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi if you are immunosuppressed. It is important to determine the etiology of your pneumonia. Some people feel better and return to their normal routine in 1 to 2 weeks. Pneumonia can be serious and can cause death. I recommend for you to see your health care provider to do the necessary tests. Thank you.

The normal hemoglobin value levels are between 14.0 grams per deciliter (gm/dL) and 18.0 gm/dL for men, and between 12.0 gm/dL to 16.0 gm/dL for women. Thank you.

A deficiency in Vitamin B12 can lead to Iron deficiency anemia. Now, the question is what and why you are having anemia? It could be due to absorption from the GI system or could be a problem of your intrinsic factor production, or could be due to bleeding, and finally, it could be a problem of red blood cell in the bone marrow. Your health care provider should investigate the causes by sending blood to the lab. and do more analysis. The combination of products that contains mineral (Iron) along with vitamin C, vitamin B12, and folic acid can help to restore your anemia. However, the etiologic factor (Cause), needs to be diagnosed by your health care provider. Thank you.

The AB negative blood is the rarest of the eight blood types. The blood types and commonness are as follow: O+ 35%; O- 13%; A+ 30%; A- 8%; B+ 8%; B- 2%; AB+ 2%; AB- 1%. People with AB blood are Universal recipients because they have no antibodies to A, B or Rh in their blood. Thank you.

Blue nevus is a group of cells characterized by dermal proliferation of melanocytes presenting as blue to black nodules on the head, extremities, or buttocks. Most cases are acquired as solitary lesions, but they may be congenital also. Blue nevus is a benign Melanocytic lesion. The most common variant is dendritic blue nevus and cellular blue nevus. Atypical cellular blue nevus presents as an intermediate histopathology between typical and the rare variant of malignant blue nevus / melanoma arising in a cellular nevus. Only rarely a dysplastic nevus turns into melanoma. However, they are a risk factor for developing melanoma, and the more dysplastic they are, the higher the risk. Excisional biopsy is usually performed when there is any clinical concern. Please, visit dermatologist so he or she can send a biopsy to the pathologist to see if there are many atypical cells involved in your lesion. Thank you.

This can be a symptomatic response of Vitamin D overdose. Stop the Vit D for a period and check. Also gum disease taking certain medication like zopiclone and metronidazole. Please, see your health care provider and I recommend stopping your Vit. D for a while to see the difference. Thank you.

Smoking causes damages of the airways and the small sacs where the oxygen interchange with carbon dioxide occurs. This destruction causes the lung to lose the elasticity and its more cumbersome and stressful to get rid of the air in the lungs (Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD). In addition, smoking destroys the cilia in the bronchioles (cilia = small, tiny hairs), and they are responsible of the expulsion of mucus from the lungs. The alveoli (small ending sacs), which the sac walls (called septa), is where the exchange of the oxygen occur, also give the recoil quality of the lungs to expel the carbon dioxide. So, less surface area for oxygen occurs and the patient present with shortness of breath, and the end result is walking with an oxygen tank that supplies oxygen to the patient Thank you.

The two most common causes of proteinuria are diabetes and high blood pressure. Other conditions that result from a more serious causes are immune disorders such as lupus, and kidney inflammation. Thank you.

The short answer is yes, there is a blood shortage in the nation. The blood supply is slowly recovering but in general blood bank are struggling to meet demand during the summer of 2023.Thank you.

Children brains can form new connections as they heal. With time, many months to years, a child can often recover neurological functions in the area where the tumor was extracted. Thank you.

Starting that benign tumor don’t spread or invade tissue. Malignant cells metastasize to other tissue and organs. Benign tumor has relatively well differentiated cell. They are often surrounded by an outer surface (fibrous sheet of connective tissue) and stay contained within the epithelium (the outer envelope of the cell. Benign cells have a normal nuclear / cytoplasmic ratio, and the nucleus is round with smooth nuclear membrane, and nuclear density. The malignant cells the nuclear cytoplasmic ratio is decreased and dense, and the nuclear membrane is irregular. The nucleus of a malignant cell is large in comparison the normal cell. Thank you.

Apheresis is a nonsurgical treatment in which a component of blood, such as plasma, red blood cells, are removed and replaced. Bleeding disorders are treated with blood transfusion of platelets and or clotting factors. The most common blood disorder is anemia, bleeding disorders such as hemophilia, blood cancers, like leukemia, lymphoma, and myelomas. The nonsurgical treatment can further be divided into broad classes including but not limited to physical examination, tests, x-rays, scans, and medications. The blood disorders are Hemophilia, venous thrombosis, thalassemia’s, vitamin K deficiency, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, von Willebrand disease, women blood disorder among others. Thank you.