Dr. Candido Otero, M.D.

Low Sodium (Hyponatremia) When you have low sodium can causes nausea and vomiting, loss of energy and confusion. Serious hyponatremia can cause seizures, coma and even death. Hyponatremia is more common in order adult due to medical problems and medications. Low sodium in blood has many causes such as consumption of high fluid volume (too much fluid intake). Kidney failure, heart failure, cirrhosis, and use of diuretics are other causes. Low sodium can be treated with IV fluids recommended by your Doctor (IV sodium solution) to slowly raise your sodium levels. Also, he can give you medications to manage the headaches, nausea, and seizures. Gatorade to patient with hyponatremia is a good alternative. Thank you.

The way to increase protein levels include meat, fish, poultry, eggs, legumes, soy products. Eating a balance diet full of dairy, protein and whole-grain carbohydrates would be fine. Thank you

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) greater than 60 or higher is the normal range.
GRR lower than 60 may mean kidney disease.
GFR 15 or lower may mean kidney failure.
There are urine tests, Dipstick urine test, Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) which compares albumin to creatinine in your urine. Blood tests, Serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR),
eGFR.

Age (years) Average eGFR
40 – 49 99
50 – 59 93
60 – 69 85
70 + 75
Creatinine above 1.3 mg/dL are considered high, above 5.0 mg/dL in adults is considered abnormally high = Kidney disorder. Thank you.

Diet: beans, dried fruits, eggs, lean red meat, salmon, iron-fortified bread and cereal, peas, tofu, dark green leafy vegetables (Spanish cucumber, broccoli) among others. Thank you.

No, you should not be worry. Follow your Dr. appointment.
The values may represent a normal occurrence that maybe a very mild infectious process could be in progress. However, at this point there is no concern. Now, check and maintain a log of the headaches. If the headaches are persistent take him to his healthcare provider for proper investigation.
The normal values are below.
WBC = white blood cells: most of the time indicates that you are fighting infection or inflammation. Normal range is 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter (4.5 to 11.0 x 109/L). There are three major classifications of WBCs. The main purpose oof WBCs, are to recognize intruders:
•Monocytes – They have the longer lifespan than other WBCs. They help to break down bacteria.
•Lymphocytes – They create antibodies to fight against bacteria, viruses, and other invaders to the body.
.Granulocytes – They kill and digest bacteria, fungi, and many other things. . .Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils are a subset of granulocytes. .Basophils are mainly responsible for allergens. Eosinophils are responsible for parasitic infections.

RBC = Red blood cells Count: Measures how many red bloods cell count you have in the body. A red blood cell counts higher than 6.1 million RBCs in male and 5.4 million for females, and 5.5 million for children. High RBCs count can be due to multiple etiologies. They are dehydration, heart disease, Polycythemia vera, Bone marrow diseases that causes other etiologies in many other cells that are produced in the bone marrow. Low RBC indicates B12, Folate and B6 deficiency. Also could mean that you are bleeding internally.
HCT= Hematocrit is the percentage by volume of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma.
MCV = Mean corpuscular volume = measures the average size and volume of red blood cell.
MCHC = Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is a measurement of hemoglobin in a single red blood cell related to the volume of the cell.
RDW = Red Cell Distribution Width = test the different in volume and size of your RBC.
Platelets = (Thrombocytes), they stop bleeding by clumping and forming plugs.
Neutrophils = A type of white blood cell (Leukocytes) that are your first immune response. Thank you.

You will receive a local anesthetic at the biopsy site where the biopsy needle will be inserted. Sometimes, general anesthesia depending on the type of lesion. Normally they don’t receive sedation. If there is a tumor inside the chest or the belly, they will use general anesthesia. Thank you.

You will receive a local anesthetic at the biopsy site where the biopsy needle will be inserted. Sometimes, general anesthesia depending on the type of lesion. Normally they don’t receive sedation. If there is a tumor inside the chest or the belly, they will use general anesthesia.

A needle or transbronchial lung biopsy is performed under light sedation and local anesthesia. Any procedure has their risk; however, the risk of lung biopsy is relatively low. You will be awake during the procedure. For open lung biopsy you will get general anesthesia. thank you.

Breast screening test usually takes approximately two weeks. Depending on the findings and if additional tests are needed from the specimen taken. Thank you.

General anesthesia is administered to make it easier for the patient to stay still during the procedure. Thank you.

For an FNA procedure (Fine needle aspiration biopsy) local anesthesia isn’t needed. Sometimes there is a minimal discomfort. Now, if you are having an open biopsy, you will get general anesthesia and be asleep during the procedure. Please, ask your doctor. Thank you.

A needle or transbronchial lung biopsy is performed under light sedation and local anesthesia. Any procedure has their risk; however, the risk of lung biopsy is relatively low. You will be awake during the procedure. For open lung biopsy you will get general anesthesia

The causes if high protein in the blood is meat consumption, dehydration, amyloidosis (abnormal proteins in your organs), hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HVAIDS, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) Multiple Myeloma, etc. Possible treatment is change in your diet, blood pressure medication, weight loss, diabetes medication, and dialysis. Thank you.

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) greater than 60 or higher is the normal range. GRR lower than 60 may mean kidney disease. GFR 15 or lower may mean kidney failure. There are urine tests, Dipstick urine test, Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) which compares albumin to creatinine in your urine. Blood tests, Serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Blood Urea Nitrogen, Blood test, Imaging, and others. BUN/Creatinine ratio is usually between 10:1 to 20:1, and its depend on hydration, protein consumption and multiple other factors. Even tough your creatinine leve is normal, a great natural way to reduce your creatinine level is to by reducing you protein intake. Eating fiber-rich foods. Also fruits with high content ox antioxidants like cranberries, kiwi, applet, and blueberries. Thank you.

It is necessary to follow the recommendation of your Dr. When a medication is given, the main reason that you need to take the medication as prescribed is because even though your symptons went away, there are bacteria in the blood, and they can become resistant next time you get infected. So, my recommendation is taking the medicine the 7 days as prescribed. Thank you.

Please, contact your healthcare provider immediately if after vaccination you present with itching, increase heart rate, rash, trouble swallowing, trouble breathing, hand face or mouth swelling after receiving the vaccine. Thank you

Any inflammation on the neck and above could be a serious matter. You should go to any UR or ER to be thoroughly check. Also, I would recommend that you should inform the police on this matter. You want everything on record. Please, go to the emergency to be check. Thank you.

General anesthesia is administered to make it easier for the patient to stay still during the procedure. Pain in the area between the anus and the scrotum is common from few days to several weeks. Also, blood in the urine can be found for a few days to few weeks. Any surgical procedure has their risk. the main thing that happens after a probate biopsy is pain in the area between the anus and the scrotum is common from few days to several weeks. Also, blood in the urine can be found for a few days to few weeks. Fever, pain or burning sensation during urination could be an indication of infection. Consult your healthcare provider. Thank you.

The test is called sperm count and is done by the laboratory. A semen analysis usually looks for volume and quality of the man’s sperm. Is the first test to detect male fertility. One of the following recommended tests are: post-ejaculate analysis, seminal fructose test, Kruger, and World Health Organization (WHO) morphology test, Anti-sperm antibodies, testicular biopsy, and others. The way to test fertility is by sending your semen to the laboratory for analysis. Sperm motility, counting the Total motile count is one of the most important for fertility. Again, is called Total Motile Count test. (TMC). There are multiple causes for male infertility. They are Varicoceles (swelling of the veins), infection, ejaculation problems, tumors, hormones imbalances, undescended testis, antibodies attacking the sperms, defects in the tubules, etc. About 15% of couples in the United States have trouble conceiving, and greater than 50% percent of the time, there is a male infertility problem. A normal sperm count ranges from 15 million to greater than 220 million spem per milliliter (mL) of semen. Measure to increase your sperm court are but not limited to eating healthy, maintaining you body mass index (BMI), manage stress, keep doing exercise (it doesn’t have to be strenuous) and preventing sexually transmitted diseases. Thank you.

There are many tests. Digital examination test (DRE) is one of the tests that continue to be reliable in term of findings. This means that your Dr. must examine you physically through the rectum to check the prostate gland. During the exam he is looking for nodularity of the gland, if it is soft or hard, painful etc. The most accurate is a prostate biopsy. Prostatic screening episwitch (PSE) blood test is 94% accurate and better than the Prostatic Specific Antigen PSA) test. Magnetic resonance imaging in recommended in some situation to get a better and more detain picture. You need to talk to the Urologist and they will explain it to you. Thank you.