Popular Topics
- Latest questions
- Allergies
- Anti-Aging & Cosmetic Procedures
- Brain and Nerves
- Cancers
- Cardiovascular Health
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Eyes and Vision
- Fitness and Exercise
- Food and Nutrition
- Genetics/Birth Defects
- Immune System
- Infectious Diseases
- Injuries and Wounds
- Kidneys and Urinary System
- Lungs and Breathing
- Mental Health and Behavior
- Men’s Health
- Metabolic Problems
- Natural and Holistic Therapies
- Oral Health
- Pediatric (babies and children)
- Pregnancy and Reproduction
- Sex & Relationships
- Substance Abuse Problems
- Symptoms
- Women’s Health
Have a Question?
Ask a Doctor Online for Free
ASK NOW
How can I prepare for local anesthesia?
I will have surgery under local anesthesia. How can I prepare for local anesthesia?
Can general anesthesia for a colon biopsy cause any damage?
I will have a colon biopsy. Can general anesthesia for a colon biopsy cause any damage?
What sedation is done for colon biopsy?
I will have a colon biopsy. What sedation is done for colon biopsy?
What sedation is done for a lung biopsy?
I will have a lung biopsy. What sedation is done for a lung biopsy?
Can general anesthesia cause brain damage?
I will have surgery under general anesthesia. Can general anesthesia cause brain damage?
Does fatty liver affect anesthesia?
I will have surgery under general anesthesia. I have a fatty liver. Does fatty liver affect anesthesia?
Will my diabetes get worse after general anesthesia?
I have type 2 diabetes and will have surgery under general anesthesia. Will my diabetes get worse after general anesthesia?
What are some side effects of local anesthetics?
I will have surgery under local anesthesia. What are some side effects of local anesthetics?
Are you awake during tonsil surgery?
I will have tonsils surgery. Are you awake during tonsil surgery?
How long are you under anesthesia for tonsil removal?
I will have my tonsils removed. How long are you under anesthesia for tonsil removal?
What anesthesia is best for wrist surgery?
I will have wrist surgery. What anesthesia is best for wrist surgery?
Can general anesthesia cause any long-term issues?
I will have surgery under general anesthesia. Can general anesthesia cause any long-term issues?
Can ear surgery be done under local anesthesia?
I will have ear surgery. Can ear surgery be done under local anesthesia?
How long is liver resection surgery?
I will have liver resection surgery. How long is liver resection surgery?
Can colon biopsy be done under general anesthesia?
I will have a colon biopsy. Can colon biopsy be done under general anesthesia?
Can general anesthesia affect my lung health?
I will have surgery under general anesthesia. Can general anesthesia affect my lung health?
Can general anesthesia increase my sugar levels?
I have diabetes type 2. Can general anesthesia increase my sugar levels?
What type of anesthesia is best for endoscopy?
I will have an endoscopy. What type of anesthesia is best for endoscopy?
What type of anesthesia is best for wrist surgery?
I will have wrist surgery. What type of anesthesia is best for wrist surgery?
Questions by Specialty
- Abdominal Surgeon
- Acupuncture
- Acupuncturist
- Addiction Medicine Specialist
- Addiction Medicine Specialist | Addiction Medicine
- Addiction Psychiatrist
- Addiction Psychiatrist | Addiction Medicine
- Addiction Psychiatrist | Addiction Psychiatry
- Adolescent Medicine Specialist
- Adolescent Psychiatrist
- Adolescent Psychiatrist | Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Adolescent Specialist
- Adolescent Specialist | Adolescent Medicine
- Adult Care Specialist
- Aerospace Medicine Specialist
- Aerospace Medicine Specialist | Aerospace Medicine
- Allergist & Immunologist
- Allergist & Immunologist (Pediatric)
- Allergist and Immunologist
- Allergist and Immunologist (Pediatric)
- Allergist and Immunologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Allergy/Immunology
- Allergist and Immunologist | Allergy
- Allergist and Immunologist | Allergy & Immunology
- Allergy Immunologist
- Allergy and Immunology Specialist
- Anatomic Pathologist
- Anesthesiologist
- Anesthesiologist (Pediatric)
- Anesthesiologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Anesthesiology
- Anesthesiologist Assistant
- Anesthesiologist | Critical Care Medicine
- Anesthesiologist | Dentist Anesthesiologist
- Anesthesiologist | Pain Medicine
- Anesthesiology
- Anesthesiology | Hospice and Palliative Medicine
- Anesthesiology | Pain Medicine
- Anesthesiology | Pediatric Anesthesiology
- Audiologist
- Bariatric Surgeon
- Behavior Technician
- Behavioral Analyst
- Cardiac Electrophysiologist
- Cardiac Electrophysiologist | Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Cardiologist
- Cardiologist (Pediatric)
- Cardiologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Cardiology
- Cardiologist | Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology
- Cardiologist | Cardiovascular Disease
- Cardiologist | Interventional Cardiology
- Cardiothoracic Surgeon
- Case Manager/Care Coordinator
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist
- Chiropractor
- Chiropractor (Pediatric)
- Chiropractor (Pediatric) | Pediatric Chiropractor
- Chiropractor | Independent Medical Examiner
- Chiropractor | Neurology
- Chiropractor | Nutrition
- Chiropractor | Orthopedic
- Chiropractor | Pediatric Chiropractor
- Chiropractor | Rehabilitation
- Chiropractor | Sports Physician
- Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiologist
- Clinical Pharmacologist
- Colon & Rectal Surgeon
- Colon Rectal Surgeon
- Colon and Rectal Surgeon
- Colon and Rectal Surgery
- Community Health Worker
- Community/Behavioral Health
- Cosmetic & General Dentistry
- Cosmetic Dentist
- Councelor/Therapist
- Councelor/Therapist | Mental Health
- Councelor/Therapist | Professional
- Counseling
- Counselor | Mental Health
- Counselor/Therapist
- Counselor/Therapist | Addiction (Substance Use Disorder)
- Counselor/Therapist | Mental Health
- Counselor/Therapist | Pastoral
- Counselor/Therapist | Professional
- Critical Care Medicine Specialist
- Critical Care Specialist
- Critical Care Surgeon
- Critical Care Surgeon | Critical Care Medicine
- Dental Hygienist
- Dental Hygienists
- Dental Therapist
- Dentist
- Dentist (Pediatric)
- Dentist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Dentistry
- Dentist | Dentist Anesthesiologist
- Dentist | Endodontics
- Dentist | General Practice
- Dentist | Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
- Dentist | Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Dentist | Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Dentist | Periodontics
- Dentist | Prosthodontics
- Denturist
- Dermapathologist
- Dermapathologist | Dermatopathology
- Dermatologist
- Dermatologist (Pediatric)
- Dermatologist | MOHS-Micrographic Surgery
- Dermatologist | Procedural Dermatology
- Dermatology
- Dermatology | MOHS-Micrographic Surgery
- Developmental Therapist
- Diagnostic Radiologist
- Dietitian-Nutritionist
- Dietitian-Nutritionist (Pediatric)
- Director of Coronary Care Unit
- Discard
- Doctor
- Doula
- Ear-Nose and Throat Doctor (ENT)
- Ear-Nose and Throat Doctor (ENT) | Otolaryngic Allergy
- Ear-Nose and Throat Doctor (ENT) | Otology & Neurotology
- Ear-Nose and Throat Doctor (Pediatric)
- Ear-Nose and Throat Doctor (Pediatric) | Pediatric Otolaryngology
- Emergency Medical Services
- Emergency Medical Specialist
- Emergency Medicine
- Emergency Medicine Specialist
- Emergency Medicine Specialist Specialist
- Emergency Medicine | Emergency Medical Services
- Emergency Physician
- Emergency Physician (Pediatric)
- Emergency Physician (Pediatric) | Pediatric Emergency Medicine
- Emergency Physician | Emergency Medical Services
- Emergency Physician | Sports Medicine
- Emergency Physician | Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine
- Endocrinology-Diabetes
- Endocronologist (Pediatric)
- Endocronologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Endocrinology
- Endodontist
- Endodontist | Endodontics
- Epidemiologist
- Family Medicine
- Family Medicine | Addiction Medicine
- Family Medicine | Adolescent Medicine
- Family Medicine | Geriatric Medicine
- Family Medicine | Obesity Medicine
- Family Medicine | Sports Medicine
- Family Physician
- Family Practice & Aesthetic Medicine
- Family Practitioner
- Family Practitioner | Adult Medicine
- Family Practitioner | Obesity Medicine
- Family practice
- Foot & Ankle Surgeon
- Functional Medicine
- Gastroenterologist
- Gastroenterologist (Pediatric)
- Gastroenterologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Gastroenterologist | Gastroenterology
- Gastroenterology
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology
- General Dentist
- General Dentistry
- General Practice
- General Practitioner
- General Surgeon & Minimally Invasive Iaparoscopic Surgeon
- General Surgery
- Geneticist
- Geneticist | Clinical Cytogenetic
- Geneticist | Clinical Genetics (M.D.)
- Geneticist | Clinical Molecular Genetics
- Geneticist | Molecular Genetic Pathology
- Geneticist | Ph.D. Medical Genetics
- Geriatric Psychiatrist
- Geriatric Psychiatrist | Geriatric Psychiatry
- Geriatrician
- Geriatrician | Geriatric Medicine
- Gynecologic Surgeon
- Gynecologist
- Hand Surgeon
- Hand Surgeon | Hand Surgery
- Hand Surgeon | Surgery of the Hand
- Hematologist & Oncologist
- Hematologist (Blood Specialist)
- Hematologist (Blood Specialist) | Hematology
- Hematologist (Pediatric)
- Hematologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Hematology-Oncology
- Hematologist Oncologist
- Hematologist-Oncologist
- Hematologist-Oncologist | Hematology & Oncology
- Hematologist-Pathologist
- Hematologist-Pathologist | Hematology
- Hematology and Medical Oncology
- Hematology-Pathologist
- Hepatologist
- Hepatologist | Hepatology
- Hepatologist-Pathologist
- Homeopathic Physician
- Hospice and Palliative Care Specialist
- Hospice and Palliative Care Specialist | Hospice and Palliative Medicine
- Hospice and Palliative Medicine Specialist
- Hospitalist
- Hospitalist |
- Implant Dentistry
- Infectious Disease Specialist
- Infectious Disease Specialist (Pediatric)
- Infectious Disease Specialist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Infectious Disease Specialist | Infectious Disease
- Infertility Specialist
- Internal Medicine
- Internal Medicine | Adolescent Medicine
- Internal Medicine | Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology
- Internal Medicine | Cardiovascular Disease
- Internal Medicine | Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Internal Medicine | Critical Care Medicine
- Internal Medicine | Gastroenterology
- Internal Medicine | Hematology & Oncology
- Internal Medicine | Hepatology
- Internal Medicine | Hospice and Palliative Medicine
- Internal Medicine | Nephrology
- Internal Medicine | Pulmonary Disease
- Internal Medicine | Rheumatology
- Internal Medicine | Sleep Medicine
- Internist
- Internist | Hypertension Specialist
- Internist | Obesity Medicine
- Interventional & Endovascular Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiologist
- Interventional Cardiology
- Interventional Pain Medicine Specialist
- Interventional Radiologist
- Interventional Radiologist | Vascular & Interventional Radiology
- Invisalign Dentistry
- Lasik/Refractive Near Vision Surgery
- Legal Medicine
- Marriage & Family Therapist
- Massage Therapist
- Medical Assistant
- Medical Director
- Medical Management
- Military Health Care Provider
- Musculoskeletal Oncology
- Music Therapist
- Naturopath
- Naturopathic Doctor
- Naturopathic Physician
- Neonatal Medicine
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Specialist
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Specialist | Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
- Neonatologist
- Neonatology/Perinatology
- Nephrologist (Kidney Specialist)
- Nephrologist (Kidney Specialist) | Nephrology
- Nephrologist (Pediatric)
- Nephrologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Nephrology
- NeuroSurgeon
- Neurologist
- Neurologist (Pediatric)
- Neurologist (Pediatric) | Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
- Neurologist | Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
- Neurologist | Brain Injury Medicine
- Neurologist | Clinical Neurophysiology
- Neurologist | Diagnostic Neuroimaging
- Neurologist | Electrodiagnostic Medicine
- Neurologist | Neurology
- Neurologist | Neurology with Special Qualifications in Child Neurology
- Neurologist | Neuromuscular Medicine
- Neurologist | Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine & OMM
- Neurologist | Vascular Neurology
- Neurology
- Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine & OMM
- Neuropathologist
- Neuropathologist | Neuropathology
- Neuropsychologist
- Neuropsychologist
- Neurosurgeon
- Neurosurgical Assistant
- Nuclear Medicine
- Nuclear Medicine Specialist
- Nuclear Medicine Specialist | Nuclear Imaging & Therapy
- Nurse
- Nurse Practitioner
- Nurse | Lactation Consultant
- Nutritionist
- OB-GYN (Obstetrician-Gynecologist)
- OB-GYN (Obstetrician-Gynecologist) | Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
- OB-GYN (Obstetrician-Gynecologist) | Gynecologic Oncology
- OB-GYN (Obstetrician-Gynecologist) | Gynecology
- OB-GYN (Obstetrician-Gynecologist) | Maternal & Fetal Medicine
- OB-GYN (Obstetrician-Gynecologist) | Obstetrics
- OB-GYN (Obstetrician-Gynecologist) | Reproductive Endocrinology
- OBGYN
- Obstetrician and Gynecologist
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Obstetrics & Gynecology | Gynecology
- Occupational Medicine
- Occupational Therapist
- Occupational Therapist (Pediatric)
- Occupational Therapist (Pediatric) | Pediatrics
- Occupational Therapist | Environmental Modification
- Occupational Therapist | Gerontology
- Occupational Therapist | Hand
- Occupational Therapist | Human Factors
- Occupational Therapist | Physical Rehabilitation
- Occupational Therapy Assistant
- Oncologist
- Oncologist | Medical Oncology
- Ophthalmic Surgeon
- Ophthalmologist
- Ophthalmologist | Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Ophthalmologist | Retina Specialist
- Ophthalmology
- Ophthalmology | Retina Specialist
- Ophthamologist
- Optometrist
- Optometrist (Pediatric)
- Optometrist (Pediatric) | Pediatrics
- Optometrist | Corneal and Contact Management
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon | Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Orthodontic and Periodontics
- Orthodontics
- Orthodontist
- Orthodontist | Orthodontist
- Orthopaedic Surgeon
- Orthopaedic Surgeon (Pediatric)
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Orthopaedic Surgery | Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine
- Orthopaedic Surgery | Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery
- Orthopaedic Surgery | Sports Medicine
- Orthopedic Surgeon (Orthopedist)
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Orthopedics
- Orthopedist
- Orthopedist (Pediatric)
- Orthopedist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery
- Orthopedist | Adult Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery
- Orthopedist | Foot and Ankle Surgery
- Orthopedist | Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine
- Orthopedist | Orthopaedic Trauma
- Orthotist
- Osteopath
- Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
- Other
- Otolaryngologist
- Otolaryngology
- Otolaryngology | Facial Plastic Surgery
- Pain Management
- Pain Management Specialist
- Pain Management Specialist | Interventional Pain Medicine
- Pain Management Specialist | Pain Medicine
- Pain Medicine Specialist
- Pain Medicine | Interventional Pain Medicine
- Pain Medicine | Pain Medicine
- Pathologist
- Pathologist (Pediatric)
- Pathologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Pathology
- Pathologist | Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology
- Pathologist | Blood Banking & Transfusion Medicine
- Pathologist | Clinical Pathology
- Pathologist | Forensic Pathology
- Pathologist | Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
- Pathology
- Pediatric Cardiologist
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgeon
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Specialist
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine Specialist
- Pediatric Neurological Surgeon
- Pediatric Oncologist
- Pediatric Ophthalmologist
- Pediatrician
- Pediatrician | Developmental ? Behavioral Pediatrics
- Pediatrician | Obesity Medicine
- Pediatrician | Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
- Pediatrics
- Pediatrics Orthopedist
- Pediatrics | Developmental ? Behavioral Pediatrics
- Pediatrics | Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
- Pediatrics | Pediatric Allergy/Immunology
- Pediatrics | Pediatric Cardiology
- Pediatrics | Pediatric Hematology-Oncology
- Peer Specialist
- Perfusionist
- Periodontist
- Periodontist | Periodontics
- Personal Care Attendant
- Personal Emergency Response Attendant
- Pharmaceutical Medicine
- Pharmacist
- Phlebologist
- Phlebology
- Phlebotomist
- Phychiatrist
- Physiatrist (Physical Medicine)
- Physiatrist (Physical Medicine) |
- Physiatrist (Physical Medicine) | Neuromuscular Medicine
- Physiatrist (Physical Medicine) | Pain Medicine
- Physiatrist (Physical Medicine) | Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
- Physiatrist (Physical Medicine) | Sports Medicine
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Specialist
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation | Sports Medicine
- Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation
- Physical Medicine Specialist & Rehabilitation
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Physical Therapist
- Physical Therapist (Pediatric)
- Physical Therapist (Pediatric) | Pediatrics
- Physical Therapist | Geriatrics
- Physical Therapist | Neurology
- Physical Therapist | Orthopedic
- Physical Therapist | Sports
- Physical Therapy Assistant
- Physician Assistant
- Physician Assistant | Medical
- Physicians Assistant
- Physiotherapist
- Plastic Surgeon
- Plastic Surgeon | Facial Plastic Surgery
- Plastic Surgeon | Otolaryngology/Facial Plastic Surgery
- Plastic Surgeon | Plastic Surgery Within the Head and Neck
- Plastic Surgeon | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Plastic Surgery
- Plastic Surgery | Surgery of the Hand
- Podiatrist
- Podiatrist (Foot and Ankle Specialist)
- Podiatrist (Foot and Ankle Specialist)
- Podiatrist (Foot and Ankle Specialist) | Foot & Ankle Surgery
- Podiatrist (Foot and Ankle Specialist) | Foot Surgery
- Podiatrist (Foot and Ankle Specialist) | General Practice
- Podiatrist (Foot and Ankle Specialist) | Primary Podiatric Medicine
- Podiatrist (Foot and Ankle Specialist) | Sports Medicine
- Podiatrist | Foot & Ankle Surgery
- Podiatrist | Primary Podiatric Medicine
- Preventative Medicine Specialist
- Preventative Medicine Specialist | Clinical Informatics
- Preventative Medicine Specialist | Obesity Medicine
- Preventative Medicine Specialist | Occupational Medicine
- Preventative Medicine Specialist | Preventive Medicine/Occupational Environmental Medicine
- Preventative Medicine Specialist | Public Health & General Preventive Medicine
- Prevention Professional
- Preventive Medicine | Aerospace Medicine
- Proctologist
- Prosthetist
- Prosthodontist
- Prosthodontist | Prosthodontics
- Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
- Psychiatrist
- Psychiatrist | Forensic Psychiatry
- Psychiatrist | Obesity Medicine
- Psychiatrist | Psychiatry
- Psychiatry
- Psychiatry & Neurology | Addiction Medicine
- Psychiatry & Neurology | Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Psychiatry & Neurology | Neurology
- Psychiatry & Neurology | Neuromuscular Medicine
- Psychiatry & Neurology | Obesity Medicine
- Psychiatry & Neurology | Pain Medicine
- Psychiatry & Neurology | Psychiatry
- Psychoanalyst
- Psychologist
- Psychologist | Addiction (Substance Use Disorder)
- Psychologist | Clinical
- Psychologist | Clinical Child & Adolescent
- Psychologist | Cognitive & Behavioral
- Psychologist | Counseling
- Psychologist | Educational
- Psychologist | Family
- Psychologist | Forensic
- Psychologist | Group Psychotherapy
- Psychologist | Men & Masculinity
- Psychologist | Mental Retardation & Developmental Disabilities
- Psychologist | Psychoanalysis
- Psychologist | Psychotherapy
- Psychologist | School
- Psychotherapist
- Psychotherapy & Well Being
- Pulmonologist
- Pulmonologist (Pediatric)
- Pulmonologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Pulmonology
- Pulmonologist | Pulmonary Disease
- Radiation Oncologist
- Radiation Oncologist | Radiation Oncology
- Radiologic Technologist
- Radiologist
- Radiologist (Pediatric)
- Radiologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Radiology
- Radiologist | Body Imaging
- Radiologist | Diagnostic Neuroimaging
- Radiologist | Diagnostic Radiology
- Radiologist | Diagnostic Ultrasound
- Radiologist | Neuroradiology
- Radiologist | Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
- Radiologist | Therapeutic Radiology
- Radiology Practitioner Assistant
- Radiology | Diagnostic Radiology
- Radiology | Vascular & Interventional Radiology
- Reflexologist
- Registered Dietitian
- Rehabilitation Practitioner
- Reproductive Medicine
- Respiratory Therapist
- Respiratory Therapy
- Retina Specialist
- Rheumatologist
- Rheumatologist (Pediatric)
- Rheumatologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Rheumatology
- Rheumatologist | Rheumatology
- Sleep Medicine Specialist
- Sleep Medicine Specialist (Pediatric)
- Sleep Medicine Specialist (Pediatric) | Sleep Medicine
- Sleep Medicine Specialist | Sleep Medicine
- Social Work
- Social Worker
- Social Worker | Clinical
- Speech Pathologists
- Speech-Language Pathologist
- Spine Surgeon
- Sports Medicine Specialist
- Sports Medicine Specialist (Pediatric)
- Sports Medicine Specialist (Pediatric) | Sports Medicine
- Sports Medicine Specialist | Sports Medicine
- Sports Medicine-Internist
- Surgeon
- Surgeon (Pediatric)
- Surgeon (Pediatric) | Pediatric Surgery
- Surgeon |
- Surgeon | Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
- Surgeon | Surgical Critical Care
- Surgery
- Surgery | Surgical Oncology
- Surgical Oncologist
- Surgical Oncologist | Surgical Oncology
- Thoracic Surgeon
- Thoracic Surgery (Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery)
- Transplant Surgeon
- Trauma Surgeon
- Trauma Surgeon | Trauma Surgery
- Undersea Medicine & Hyperbaric Medicine
- Urological Surgeon
- Urologist
- Urologist (Pediatric)
- Urologist (Pediatric) | Pediatric Urology
- Urology
- Vascular Interventional Radiologist
- Vascular Surgeon
- Vascular Surgeon | Vascular Surgery
- Veterinarian
- Veterinary Medicine
- psychiatric nurse practitioner
